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英语倍数句型及其翻译

时间:2020-4-26 10:51:11 作者:雅信博文翻译


英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法雅信博文翻译公司为您归纳如下: 
倍数增加
(
一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)
A is n times greater
(longer, more,…)than B.(②)
A is n times the size
(length, amount,…)of B.(③)
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. 
Eg. This book is three times as long as
(three times longer than,three times the length of )that one.
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 
(二)increase to n times(④)
increase n times
/n-fold(⑤)
increase by n times
(⑥)
increase by a factor of n
(⑦)
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.
  The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986
.
  
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。
   That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.
  
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。
   The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.
  
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨)
Eg. The efficiency of
the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:
A is as much
(large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩)
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。
A is half as much
(large, 1ong,…)again as B.
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11)
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 
倍数减少
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)
A is n times smaller
(lighter, slower,…) than B.(13)
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14)
decrease by n times
(15)
decrease by a factor of n
(16)
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。
decrease
常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times
, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。 
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction…
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17)
这个句型还有其它一些形式,
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed
.
发现迅速减少到1/7。
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。


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